What does horizontal integration mean in science?

The term “ horizontal integration refers to the practice of bringing together resources and teams within a single organization, rather than having multiple organizations work separately on solving the same problem. This approach can be particularly helpful when dealing with complex problems that require expertise from multiple disciplines.

What does horizontal integration mean in physics?

When physicists talk about horizontal integration, they're usually referring to the practice of combining different areas of research to solve a bigger problem. One example might be combining the work of physicists and computer engineers to create the technologies that will help us solve climate change.

What does it mean for science to have horizontal integration?

In basic terms, horizontal integration means that the different disciplines working on a particular problem or researching a particular topic share data and work together to solve it. In a perfect world, data would be shared freely and all results would be published in open access journals. While it’s not the case yet, that’s what we’re striving for, and these practices are improving.

What does horizontal integration mean in chemistry?

Vertical integration is a type of business organization where an individual business is controlled by the same entity that provides the products or services it sells. For example, in a food company, vertically integrated marketing, production, and retailing may be owned by the same parent company. Vertical integration means the business does not purchase raw materials from an outside vendor. Rather, the business can control the cost of raw materials by producing them itself.

What does horizontal integration mean in astronomy?

In astronomy, horizontal integration refers to the combining of data from many ground-based telescopes to make a single image. Compared to the single images from each telescope, the combined images will have higher resolution and will contain more light. Another benefit is that the combined data will already be registered to a common coordinate system.